Backyard bird feeding is a beloved activity for many nature enthusiasts and bird lovers alike. It provides a close-up view of various bird species while supporting their nutrition, especially during harsh weather conditions. However, concerns about bird flu (avian influenza) often raise questions and sometimes deter people from participating in this rewarding hobby. Let’s delve into the facts and dispel the myths surrounding bird flu to encourage safe and enjoyable backyard bird feeding.

What is Bird Flu?

Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds. While there are different strains of avian influenza viruses, not all are harmful to humans. In rare cases where humans have been infected, it has mostly been through direct contact with infected birds or their droppings, mainly poultry such as chickens, turkeys, and domestic ducks. The risk of contracting bird flu from backyard bird feeders is exceedingly low, especially if proper hygiene practices are observed.

Who is at risk?

While any backyard bird is capable of catching bird flu, raptors (hawks, owls, kestrels, falcons, eagles, osprey, and other birds of prey) and waterfowl (wild ducks, geese, swans, and others) are more at risk. Poultry and various mammals including domestic cats and cows are also susceptible to bird flu, so be sure to keep all bird feeders away from chicken coops and out of reach of livestock. Typical backyard birds, such as songbirds, are at a very low risk for infection, and there is no official recommendation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to cease feeding at this time unless your feeders are within reach of poultry.

Importance of Cleanliness in Bird Feeding

Maintaining clean bird feeders and feeding areas is crucial to minimize any potential risks associated with bird flu or other diseases. Bird flu specifically can be transmitted through saliva, droppings, and mucus, all of which are present at feeders and baths. Ideally, cleanings should be done roughly every other week, except for hummingbird feeders which should be cleaned once a week in cool weather and at least twice a week in hot weather. Here are some key practices to keep in mind:

1. Regular Cleaning: Clean bird feeders and bird baths regularly with a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water. Scrub them thoroughly and rinse well before refilling them with fresh bird feed or water. This helps remove any residual food or droppings that could harbor bacteria or viruses. Bird houses can be cleaned after all fledglings leave at the end of breeding season. Remove any material inside and clean with a mild detergent and water while wearing gloves and a mask. If you have houses or bird boxes being used by raptors or waterfowl, take extra precautions by disinfecting any equipment used during the cleaning and changing your clothes and shoes, especially before working with any poultry.
2. Location Matters: Place bird feeders, baths, and houses in a well-ventilated area and away from areas frequented by pets, livestock, or wildlife. This reduces the likelihood of cross-contamination.
3. Clean Ground: As birds feed, they are prone to leaving droppings around feeding stations. As waste accumulates, it puts both sky and ground feeding birds at higher risk for infection. Keep watch for areas with high levels of waste and remove as much of it as possible. Do this when cleaning the feeders themselves, and remember to wear protective gloves and a mask.
4. Quality Feed: Use high-quality bird feed from reputable sources. Avoid moldy or spoiled feed, as it can be harmful to birds and may attract pests. Birds with weakened immune systems due to disease or parasites are more susceptible to bird flu.
5. Hygienic Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling bird feeders, baths, or houses, especially before eating or preparing food or working with poultry. This simple step can prevent the spread of any potential pathogens.

What to do if you find a sick or deceased bird:

Avoid all physical contact with diseased birds. If the bird is dead and needs to be removed, be sure to wear gloves and a mask before placing the animal into a double-bagged garbage bag and disposing of it. Wash your hands with soap and water after any and all contact with wildlife. If multiple birds have passed away recently of infection or suspicious causes not clearly attributed to predators, contact your state wildlife agency.

Encouraging Safe Bird Feeding Practices

Despite concerns about bird flu, maintaining backyard bird feeders can be safe and beneficial for both birds and enthusiasts. By adhering to proper cleanliness standards, you can enjoy the beauty of birds visiting your yard while minimizing health risks. Remember, the joy of bird watching and supporting local bird populations far outweighs the minimal risks associated with avian influenza.

In conclusion, bird flu should not deter anyone from enjoying the pleasures of backyard bird feeding. With a commitment to cleanliness and responsible feeding practices, you can create a welcoming environment for birds without compromising their health or yours. Embrace the beauty of nature right outside your window and contribute positively to avian populations in your community.

By following these guidelines, you not only enhance your bird watching experience but also contribute to the well-being of local birds. Happy bird feeding!